Pharmacognosy Lecture Notes Ppt Online

Transition from raw plant extracts to the isolation of pure active phytoconstituents (e.g., morphine, quinine, digoxin). 2. Classification of Crude Drugs

Tannins are complex, polyphenolic, non-nitrogenous plant compounds that precipitate proteins. Actions: Astringent, antiseptic, and antioxidant. Examples: Tannic acid, Catechu, Witch Hazel. 4. Cultivation, Collection, and Processing

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Not essential for growth but serve ecological functions (defense, attraction). These are the "active principles" in pharmacognosy.

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With the global human population projected to reach approximately 8.1 to 8.2 billion individuals, the synthesis of medicinal plant utilization within contemporary healthcare paradigms continues to grow in importance.

: Most slides align with monographs for identifying biologically active constituents. Opportunities for Improvement

Examples: Cardiotonics (Digitalis), Purgatives (Senna), Expectorants (Liquorice). Cultivation, Collection, and Processing Transition from raw plant extracts to the isolation

: Stomatal index, vein-islet number, and calcium oxalate crystal types. : Standard tests like Mayer’s reagent for alkaloids. : Moisture content, ash value, and extractive values. Module 3: Phytochemistry (The "Active" Components)

Testing the drug potency on living tissues, animals, or microorganisms when chemical assays are insufficient (e.g., Digitalis testing on pigeons or guinea pigs). 4. Major Phytoconstituents: Chemistry and Pharmacology

: Affects water-soluble constituent yields. Actions: Astringent, antiseptic, and antioxidant