Developed by the Welding Research Council (WRC) in 1992, this diagram is a diagrammatic representation used to predict the ferrite content (represented as Ferrite Number or FN) and phase composition (Austenite/Ferrite) of stainless steel weld metals based on their chemical composition.
Use the WRC-1992 formulas to calculate the Cr eq and Ni eq for both materials.
The diagram utilizes two main parameters: on the X-axis and Nickel Equivalent ( Nieqcap N i sub e q end-sub
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[ BW = f_high - f_low ]
, the solidification mode (e.g., FA), and the precise calculated Ferrite Number (FN). WRC-1992 vs. Schaeffler and DeLong Diagrams Feature / Diagram Schaeffler Diagram DeLong Diagram WRC-1992 Diagram Ferrite Percent (%) Ferrite Number (FN) Ferrite Number (FN) Nitrogen Factor Highly weighted ( Optimally weighted ( Manganese Factor Included ( Included ( Omitted (proven non-linear) Copper Factor Included ( Best Used For Dissimilar metal welding High-nitrogen austenitics Duplex and modern austenitic steels Technical Limitations to Keep in Mind
: Unlike its predecessors, WRC-1992 includes a coefficient for Copper (Cu) , making it essential for duplex stainless steels and alloys where copper is added for corrosion resistance. Developed by the Welding Research Council (WRC) in
A WRC-1992 diagram calculator is an indispensable asset for ensuring the structural integrity of stainless steel fabrications. By converting complex chemical formulas into a clear, visual microstructural prediction, it allows engineers to confidently select filler metals, control dilution, and satisfy strict ASME and AWS code requirements.
Note: All element values must be inputted as weight percentages (wt%). How to Interpret the Diagram Axes and Boundaries When these coordinates ( Creqcap C r sub e q end-sub Nieqcap N i sub e q end-sub
on the diagram, you can identify if the weld will be purely austenitic, or contain varying levels of ferrite. WRC diagram for standard analysis - MIGAL.CO You are holding the exact tool that helped
The WRC-1992 diagram maps the balance between ferrite-promoting elements ( Creqcap C r sub e q end-sub ) and austenite-promoting elements ( Nieqcap N i sub e q end-sub
: A small amount of ferrite (typically 3–8 FN) is often required in austenitic stainless steel welds to prevent solidification cracking. Controlling Properties
Nieq=Ni+35×C+20×N+0.25×CuNi sub e q end-sub equals Ni plus 35 cross C plus 20 cross N plus 0.25 cross Cu 2. Plotting the Coordinates Once the calculator determines your Creqcap C r sub e q end-sub (X-axis) and Nieqcap N i sub e q end-sub
The WRC-1992 diagram is essential for predicting the ferrite number in duplex stainless steels, where controlling the balance of ferrite and austenite is crucial for corrosion resistance and toughness.