Heavily concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and parts of Latin America.
The causes of PEM are multifactorial, categorized broadly into primary (lack of food) and secondary (increased demand or nutrient loss) factors. Primary Causes
This article serves as your blueprint. Below, we break down every critical section that a world-class PEM PowerPoint presentation should include, along with content insights and design tips.
Malnutrition and infectious diseases exist in a deadly synergistic cycle; malnutrition compromises immunity, while infections accelerate nutrient depletion. Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt
Immune system atrophy (particularly T-cell function) leaves the body highly vulnerable to opportunistic pathogens.
PHASE 1: STABILIZATION (Days 1–7) PHASE 2: REHABILITATION (Weeks 2–6) ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- • Treat/Prevent Hypoglycemia • Catch-up Growth Feeding (F-100) • Treat/Prevent Hypothermia • Provide Emotional & Sensory Support • Treat/Prevent Dehydration • Prepare for Discharge & Follow-up • Correct Electrolyte Imbalance • Treat Infection (Antibiotics) • Correct Micronutrient Deficiencies • Initiate Cautious Feeding (F-75) Phase 1: Stabilization (Days 1 to 7)
Fortunately, PEM is treatable and preventable. Amina's family can work with local healthcare professionals to develop a treatment plan that includes: Heavily concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and
: PEM is a clinical syndrome in infants and children resulting from a chronic deficiency in both protein and energy (calories) [1, 10, 11]. Global Impact
Severe protein deficiency despite adequate calorie intake.
Amina's family struggles to make ends meet. Her father, a farmer, has been unable to grow enough crops to feed his family due to drought and poor soil quality. As a result, Amina's diet consists mainly of carbohydrates, such as rice and cornmeal, with little to no protein-rich foods like meat, fish, or eggs. Below, we break down every critical section that
Skin changes: hyperpigmentation, desquamation, and ulceration, described as . Hepatomegaly due to fatty infiltration. 3. Marasmic-Kwashiorkor
Train parents or caregivers on appropriate meal preparation, sanitary food hygiene, and recognizing early warning signs of illness. Arrange a rigid schedule for local clinic follow-ups to track weight velocity and provide booster immunizations. 7. Prevention and Control Strategies
Complete Blood Count (CBC) to evaluate for microcytic or macrocytic anemia. Blood Glucose (to rule out hypoglycemia). Serum Electrolytes (Potassium, Magnesium, Sodium).
Beyond immediate care, the village created a promise: the Women’s Food Circle would teach new recipes, the fishermen would set aside an egg-share each week, and elders would help plant moringa and beans around every home. The local clinic recorded fewer severe cases, and visiting health teams noticed how a community—once resigned to scarcity—was now actively protecting its children.
Refeeding Syndrome (rapid fluid and electrolyte shifts leading to cardiac failure). Severe hypovolemic or septic shock. Permanent cognitive and physical growth retardation. Prevention and Control